How to Evaluate Biopharmaceutical Stability During Technology Transfer

Technology transfer in biopharmaceutical manufacturing involves moving a validated process, analytical methods, and associated controls from one facility to another. Whether it’s from development to commercial scale or between two production sites, maintaining product stability is a top priority. This tutorial explores how to evaluate and manage stability risks during technology transfer, ensuring regulatory compliance and seamless continuation of product quality.

Why Stability Evaluation Is Critical During Tech Transfer

Biologic drugs are sensitive to environmental, equipment, and procedural changes. Even slight variations during transfer can impact:

• Degradation rate and shelf life
• Product comparability and critical quality attributes (CQAs)
• Regulatory approval and post-approval changes

Stability evaluation confirms that the product remains within established specifications under new conditions, preventing costly delays or quality failures.

Common Technology Transfer Scenarios Requiring Stability Assessment

• Transfer from R&D site to clinical or commercial manufacturing
• Scale-up to larger bioreactors or downstream purification trains
• Change of manufacturing site due to capacity or regulatory requirements
• Contract manufacturing organization (CMO) onboarding
• Formulation or packaging format change at the receiving site

Step-by-Step Guide to Stability Evaluation During Tech Transfer

Step 1: Define Transfer Scope and Risk Profile

Begin with a formal risk assessment. Factors influencing stability risk include:

• Equipment differences (e.g., stainless steel vs. single-use systems)
• Environmental differences (e.g., humidity, HVAC design)
• Operator training and procedural changes
• Analytical method transfer and verification

Risk-based tools (e.g., FMEA) help prioritize areas requiring bridging studies.

Step 2: Design a Bridging Stability Study

Compare pre-transfer (sending site) and post-transfer (receiving site) batches under identical stability conditions. A bridging study should:

• Include at least one pilot and one commercial-scale batch
• Use matching container closure and packaging configurations
• Test under ICH-recommended long-term and accelerated conditions

Step 3: Align Stability Protocol With ICH Guidelines

Follow ICH Q5C for biological stability testing. Recommended storage conditions typically include:

• Long-term: 2–8°C (for refrigerated biologics)
• Accelerated: 25°C ± 2°C / 60% RH ± 5% RH
• Stress testing: 40°C, freeze-thaw, and light exposure

Use timepoints such as 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months for short-term studies and extend up to 24 months as needed.

Step 4: Use Stability-Indicating Analytical Methods

Ensure analytical methods are fully transferred and validated at the new site. Key attributes include:

• Potency (bioassay or binding assay)
• Aggregates (SEC, DLS)
• Charge variants (IEX, cIEF)
• Sub-visible particles (MFI, HIAC)
• pH, osmolality, and appearance

Consistency across sites confirms comparability and regulatory readiness.

Step 5: Interpret Data for Comparability Assessment

Analyze trends using graphical and statistical tools. Determine if any observed differences are:

• Within historical variability
• Related to method variance vs. process shift
• Indicative of a risk to shelf life or product quality

If data supports comparability, the product can proceed with the existing label claim.

Step 6: Update Documentation and Regulatory Submissions

Include a detailed comparability and stability report in:

• CTD Module 3 (Quality)
• Annual Product Quality Review (APQR)
• Technology Transfer Plan and Report
• Pharma SOP on post-approval change control

For regulated markets, submit stability updates to health authorities as part of variation filings.

Special Considerations for Tech Transfer Stability

Process Changes vs. Site Changes

Site transfers without process change may require less extensive studies. However, any modification to upstream, downstream, or formulation processes typically necessitates full comparability and stability assessment.

Formulation Bridging

If transferring to a new container (e.g., vial to PFS), additional stability testing is needed to confirm closure integrity and material compatibility.

Cold Chain and Transport Validation

For new sites or global distribution models, evaluate whether transport logistics and handling affect stability. Simulate temperature excursions and include stability studies post-shipping.

Case Study: Biosimilar Tech Transfer From EU to India

A biosimilar manufacturer transferred a mAb process to an Indian facility for commercial production. Bridging studies included two EU batches and three India batches under 2–8°C and 25°C. Potency, SEC, and charge variant profiles showed no significant trends. A minor shift in aggregation was attributed to formulation pump differences. Regulatory filings in ROW and EMA were supported with this data and approved without shelf-life reduction.

Checklist: Stability Evaluation in Technology Transfer

1. Perform formal risk assessment of transfer impact on stability
2. Design comparative stability studies for at least one post-transfer batch
3. Include accelerated and stress conditions in protocol
4. Validate all stability-indicating methods at the new site
5. Document results and include in regulatory variation packages

Common Pitfalls to Avoid

• Assuming stability is unaffected by site or scale change
• Omitting stability testing in transfer plans
• Neglecting transport simulation or real-time shipment stability
• Delaying regulatory notification of changes impacting product quality

Conclusion

Evaluating stability during technology transfer is essential to maintaining product integrity, meeting regulatory requirements, and ensuring uninterrupted supply. A risk-based approach, supported by scientifically sound bridging studies and validated methods, ensures smooth transitions between sites and scales. For expert insights and SOP templates on stability during tech transfer, visit Stability Studies.